Jean Gilbert (11 February 1879 – 20 December 1942) was a German operetta composer and conductor. His real name was Max Winterfeld. He adopted the name of Jean Gilbert for the production of his first operetta in 1901.Gilbert was born in Hamburg. He studied at the conservatories of Sondershausen and Weimar, as well as under Philipp Scharwenka in Berlin.He composed more than 50 operettas before and after World War I, working mainly in Berlin. His most successful work was Die keusche Susanne (1910), which was also popular in an English adaptation as The Girl in the Taxi. Gilbert was Jewish, and had to leave Germany when the Nazi's came to power. He emigrated to Argentina in 1933, and died in Buenos Aires. His son Robert Gilbert (1899–1978) was also a composer. His cousin was the composer Paul Dessau.