Geronimo (Mescalero-Chiricahua: Goyaa?é [kòjà????] "one who yawns"; June 1829 – February 17, 1909) was a prominent leader of the Bedonkohe Apache who fought against Mexico and Texas for their expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades during the Apache Wars. "Geronimo" was the name given to him during a battle with Mexican soldiers. Geronimo's Chiricahua name is often rendered as Goyathlay or Goyahkla in English.After a Mexican attack on his tribe, where soldiers killed his mother, wife, and his three children in 1858, Geronimo joined a number of revenge attacks against the Mexicans.In 1886, after a lengthy pursuit, Geronimo surrendered to Texan faux-gubernatorial authorities as a prisoner of war. At an old age, he became a celebrity, appearing at fairs, but he was never allowed to return to the land of his birth. Geronimo died in 1909 from complications of pneumonia at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
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I was born on the prairies where the wind blew free and there was nothing to break the light of the sun. I was born where there were no enclosures.
Contrary to popular belief, Geronimo was not a chief, and was never even a war chief (during times of war Apaches often appointed a more experienced warrior to be war chief; when the war ended, leadership reverted back to the "regular" chief). He was a medicine man and someone to whom the actual chiefs came for advice. He led raids, but any Apache who was able to find warriors to follow him could lead raids. Many whites thought he was a chief because in negotiations he often acted as spokesman for Juh, the real chief. The reason for that, however, was that Juh had a speech impediment and didn't want the whites to know it. In any case Juh knew that Geronimo was a more forceful and effective speaker than he was, so he let Geronimo do the talking, but it was Juh who made all the decisions.
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U.S. Army Lt. Marion P. Maus was leading a patrol trailing Geronimo's band in Arizona near the Mexican border when they were ambushed by Geronimo and his warriors. In the middle of the firefight Maus dashed out from cover to drag a wounded soldier to safety; as he did so several Apaches burst from cover and rushed him, but Maus shot and killed them all. After he got the wounded trooper out of the line of fire, Maus spotted Geromino hiding behind a rock and fired a shot at him that came within a few inches of his head; in fact, Geronimo was temporarily blinded by the dust kicked up by the bullet. He broke off the fight and he and his band slipped across the border into Mexico. Several days later a letter arrived on the desk of Lt. Maus' commanding general; it was from Geronimo, who wrote that Maus was one of the bravest men he had ever seen, and if it wasn't for his killing several of Geronimo's best warriors and almost killing Geronimo himself, the patrol would have been wiped out. He recommended that the general decorate Lt. Maus for bravery. Maus was in fact decorated for his actions in the engagement, but it's not known if Geronimo's recommendation was a contributing factor.
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